Links2 bills itself as the graphical version of the venerable Links. It's a lot like its predecessor in that it gives you the option to run either in text-only mode or graphical mode.
When you start it by typing links2 at the command line and go to a website, the result is something like this:
But when you run links2 -g then visit a site, the result is something like this:
That's not the only trick that Links2 can do. The browser can display frames and tables, and supports basic JavaScript. You can also use your mouse to follow hyperlinks whether you're in text or graphical mode.
ELinks
Like Links2, ELinks is a fork of the Links browser. And like Links2, ELinks can display tables and frames. While it supports using a mouse to follow hyperlinks, ELinks lacks support for Javascript.
One feature that makes ELinks stand out from other command line browsers is its menu system. Press ESC on your keyboard display a set of menus that let you enter and save URLs, add bookmarks, set up the browser, and more.
ELinks lacks a graphical mode, but it does have a nifty feature that lets you view images on a web page. Either click the placeholder for the image or highlight it and press v on your keyboard. ELinks opens the image with an application like ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
w3m
When I first fired up w3m, it reminded me of a cross between the classic text-based browser Lynx and the UNIX/Linux text viewer more. While it might not have as many features as the other browsers I discuss in this article, w3m gets the job done.
You can navigate web pages using a mouse, and the browser will render tables and even accept cookies. Like ELinks2, w3m lets you view images on a page using an external program. The browser doesn't do JavaScript, though.
As far as the important job of rendering web pages, w3m does a better job than Links2 or ELinks even with complex pages. The rendering is clean and colorful.
w3m doesn't use the same keyboard shortcuts as other command line browsers, so get ready to learn some new ones. You can do that by pressing H while running w3m.
It is now possible to upgrade the Cinnamon and MATE editions of Linux Mint 18 to version 18.1.
If you’ve been waiting for this I’d like to thank you for your patience.
Upgrade for a reason
“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”.
You might want to upgrade to 18.1 because some bug that annoys you is fixed or because you want to get some of the new features. In any case, you should know why you’re upgrading.
As excited as we are about 18.1, upgrading blindly for the sake of running the latest version does not make much sense, especially if you’re already happy and everything is working perfectly.
Make sure to read the release notes and to known the new features so you have all the information you need before deciding whether to upgrade.
Package updates
Upgrading to 18.1 will apply all level 1 updates for you.
You do not need to apply level 2, 3, 4 or 5 updates to upgrade to the new version of Linux Mint, and doing so won’t apply these for you.
Enjoy
Upgrading to 18.1 is relatively easy.
In the Update Manager, click on the Refresh button to check for any new version of mintupdate and mint-upgrade-info. If there are updates for these packages, apply them.
Launch the System Upgrade by clicking on “Edit->Upgrade to Linux Mint 18.1 Serena”.
Follow the instructions on the screen.
Once the upgrade is finished, reboot your computer.
Additional info
The same upgrade path will be available for the Xfce and KDE editions, after they are released as stable 18.1.
Although Linux Mint 18.1 features a newer kernel, this upgrade does not change the kernel on your behalf. This is a decision only you should take.
It is recommended to disable the screensaver before upgrading. If the screensaver activates during the upgrade and you’re unable to log back in, switch to console with CTRL+ALT+F1, log in, and type “killall cinnamon-screensaver” (or “killall mate-screensaver” in MATE). Use CTRL+ALT+F7 or CTRL+ALT+F8 to get back to your session
Available from the Ubuntu repository, with support for ARM and PowerPC devices as well as 32-bit and 64-bit, Kazam is an efficient desktop video capture tool. Capable of recording full screen, all desktop screens, a single window, and areas of the desktop, Kazam can also capture audio from the speakers and your mic.
Install via your software manager, or:
sudoapt-getinstall kazam
Once you’ve recorded your desktop activity, you can stop via the system tray. You’ll be prompted to Save for later, or edit with your usual video editing software.
With the ability to select audio devices, video formats and even take screenshots, Kazam is a great Linux screen recorder for beginners.
2. Vokoscreen
With a straightforward UI and a nice collection of features, Vokoscreen is yet another screen recording option for Linux. Capable of recording and streaming your desktop, you will need a top-end gaming rig to get the benefit of streaming in HD.
Available via GitHub, Vokoscreen can also be installed via the command line by adding a PPA.
Once launched, Vokoscreen is ready for action pretty much right away. You can capture from the entire desktop, a window, area, or a specified magnification around the pointer. This is useful for close-up video captures.
Video and audio codecs can be selected, while audio drivers, video format and frame rate can also be changed to suit. You’ve also have ability to include footage from your webcam in your screen recording. Easy to use buttons let you record, stop, pause and play the screen capture. There’s even a sharing option, but this is limited to email. Naturally, you’ll need to keep an eye on the file size here!
Vokoscreen is a handy screen recording tool, easy to set up and use.
3. Simple Screen Recorder
It may call itself “simple”, but this app actually has more features than some of the others listed here. Upon launching, you’ll be presented with a single screen with plenty of options. These include the expected full screen recording, recording a selection, following the cursor, and also the option to record GL for video game captures.
To save time, you can also create profiles suited to different screen capture tasks. Audio can also be recorded, and video type changed via the subsequent screens found via the Continue button. Once you’re ready, hit Start Recording — by default, the resulting video will be saved in your Home directory.
Again, if you’re using an Ubuntu-based distro, you’ll need to install a PPA repository before you can install Simple Screen Recorder.
If you’re running a 64-bit system and want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications, install:
sudoapt-getinstall simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386
(Instructions for installing to other distros can be found on the developer’s website.)
Simple Screen Recorder is certainly not simple, but it is straightforward and offers some useful features.
4. ScreenStudio
Unlike the other screen capture tools in this list, ScreenStudio is a Java-based application, enabling you to record your desktop, include footage from your webcam, and even stream to Twitch, YouTube, and Facebook.
Getting started with this is easy. You’ll need to download directly from the link above, and then ensure that you have ffmpeg, PulseAudio and Java installed on your computer before running. You can then use the Sources menu to setup your desktop and webcam as a source, add audio if necessary, select your Output format and tap Ctrl + R to begin and stop recording.
Ideal for vloggers and Twitch regulars, ScreenStudio is lightweight and flexible, although it misses some of the more common desktop capture features.
5. RecordMyDesktop
The original screen capture tool for Linux, RecordMyDesktop will run on virtually any system, including the Raspberry Pi. While you can use the basic version via the command line, installed using:
sudoapt-getinstall recordmydesktop
You can also use the tool with a choice of two GUI frontends, gtk-recordmydesktop and qt-recordmydesktop.
Once installed, this simple tool — which offers some additional options in the Advanced menu, and the ability to select entire windows or just sections — is ready to record. Just remember to give it time to encode your video after capture. Videos will be output to your Home directory.
Once this is done, one can access the JSF components using the prefix attached. If working with an IDE (a.k.a Integrated Development Environment) one can easily add JSF but when working without them one also has to update/make the faces-config.xml and have to populate the file with classes i.e. Managed Beans between tags
How to declare the Navigation Rules for JSF?
Navigation rules tells JSF implementation which page to send back to the browser after a form has been submitted. For ex. for a login page, after the login gets successful, it should go to Main page, else to return on the same login page, for that we have to code as:
/login.jsp
login
/main.jsp
fail
/login.jsp
from-outcome to be match with action attribute of the command button of the login.jsp as:
Secondly, it should also match with the navigation rule in face-config.xml as
user
core.jsf.LoginBean
session
In the UI component, to be declared / used as:
value attribute refers to name property of the user bean
Fdisk is the most commonly used command to check the partitions on a disk. The fdisk command can display the partitions and details like file system type. However it does not report the size of each partitions.
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x30093008
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 63 146801969 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 146802031 976771071 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5 146802033 351614654 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 351614718 556427339 102406311 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 556429312 560427007 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8 560429056 976771071 208171008 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 4048 MB, 4048551936 bytes
54 heads, 9 sectors/track, 16270 cylinders, total 7907328 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001135d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 7907327 3952640 b W95 FAT32
Each device is reported separately with details about size, seconds, id and individual partitions.
2. sfdisk
Sfdisk is another utility with a purpose similar to fdisk, but with more features. It can display the size of each partition in MB.
$ sudo sfdisk -l -uM
Disk /dev/sda: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary.
DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently.
Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 0+ 71680- 71681- 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 71680+ 476938 405259- 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sda4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sda5 71680+ 171686- 100007- 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 171686+ 271693- 100007- 102406311 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 271694 273645 1952 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8 273647 476938 203292 208171008 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 1020 cylinders, 125 heads, 62 sectors/track
Warning: The partition table looks like it was made
for C/H/S=*/54/9 (instead of 1020/125/62).
For this listing I'll assume that geometry.
Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1 3860 3860 3952640 b W95 FAT32
start: (c,h,s) expected (4,11,6) found (0,32,33)
end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,53,9) found (492,53,9)
/dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
3. cfdisk
Cfdisk is a linux partition editor with an interactive user interface based on ncurses. It can be used to list out the existing partitions as well as create or modify them.
Here is an example of how to use cfdisk to list the partitions.
Cfdisk works with one partition at a time. So if you need to see the details of a particular disk, then pass the device name to cfdisk.
$ sudo cfdisk /dev/sdb
4. parted
Parted is yet another command line utility to list out partitions and modify them if needed.
Here is an example that lists out the partition details.
$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST3500418AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 75.2GB 75.2GB primary ntfs boot
2 75.2GB 500GB 425GB extended lba
5 75.2GB 180GB 105GB logical ntfs
6 180GB 285GB 105GB logical ext4
7 285GB 287GB 2047MB logical linux-swap(v1)
8 287GB 500GB 213GB logical ext4
Model: Sony Storage Media (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4049MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 4049MB 4048MB primary fat32 boot
5. df
Df is not a partitioning utility, but prints out details about only mounted file systems. The list generated by df even includes file systems that are not real disk partitions.
Again, pydf is limited to showing only the mounted file systems.
7. lsblk
Lists out all the storage blocks, which includes disk partitions and optical drives. Details include the total size of the partition/block and the mount point if any.
Does not report the used/free disk space on the partitions.
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 70G 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 part /media/4668484A68483B47
├─sda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 part /
├─sda7 8:7 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda8 8:8 0 198.5G 0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 3.8G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
If there is no MOUNTPOINT, then it means that the file system is not yet mounted. For cd/dvd this means that there is no disk.
Lsblk is capbale of displaying more information about each device like the label and model. Check out the man page for more information
8. blkid
Prints the block device (partitions and storage media) attributes like uuid and file system type. Does not report the space on the partitions.
The hwinfo is a general purpose hardware information tool and can be used to print out the disk and partition list. The output however does not print details about each partition like the above commands.
$ hwinfo --block --short
disk:
/dev/sda ST3500418AS
/dev/sdb Sony Storage Media
partition:
/dev/sda1 Partition
/dev/sda2 Partition
/dev/sda5 Partition
/dev/sda6 Partition
/dev/sda7 Partition
/dev/sda8 Partition
/dev/sdb1 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190A
Linux is widely regarded as a free and open source desktop, but that isn’t 100% true. While the vast majority of what you run on a Linux machine is free software, some is the kind of proprietary code you find on commercial operating systems. Other is open source but saddled with licensing issues, such as multimedia codecs.
The distro you use determines how easy it is to stumble across proprietary software. Each one has varying stances on how to treat non-free applications.
Ubuntu has gained its reputation for being user-friendly in part by making proprietary or restricted software easy to come by. The distro highlights multimedia codecs, closed display drivers, and plug-ins like Adobe Flash. These help users listen to music, play games, and browse the web — but they’re also not free software.
Fedora takes a principled stand here, one that also avoids opening Red Hat up to lawsuits. Non-free software isn’t allowed in the repositories. The distro won’t stop you from installing such applications, but it won’t help you either. Users have to turn to third-party resources, such as the popular RPM Fusion repository. This is part of why Fedora is considered more difficult to use.
But if you only want to use free software, Fedora offers peace of mind. Unless you go out of your way to install an .RPM manually, such as by downloading Chrome from Google’s website, you know your computer will only run free software.
Well, almost. There are closed binary bits in the Linux kernel itself. If you want a pure system, you
don’t have to install a different distro. Try using the Linux-libre kernel inside Fedora instead.
2. Fedora Offers the Best Implementation of GNOME
The GNOME desktop environment is my favorite across any operating system. I especially became a fan with the introduction of the GNOME Shell in version 3.0. To me, it felt that Linux finally had an interface that felt unique and modern at the same time.
GNOME draws developers and contributors from around the world. Besides the desktop environment, the community has created dozens of apps. These days GNOME software can handle most desktop functions.
3. Fedora is Easy to Use
GNOME developers design the desktop to be simple and intuitive. Since Fedora ships the environment in an unaltered state, it benefits from these design decisions.
Much of the software in GNOME 3.x is simpler than it was in the GNOME 2.x days. This is especially visible in Files, the default file manager also known as Nautilus. Launching the app shows you a sidebar, your folders, and a few buttons. Compared to Windows Explorer, it looks downright basic.
GNOME’s text editor (gedit), photo viewer (Photos), and web browser (Web) all share that same simplicity. Even advanced tasks, such as managing virtual machines, is easy to do with the Boxes app.
4. Fedora Developers Benefit the Broader Linux Community
The Fedora community prefers to develop software that benefits the entire open source ecosystem. It does this by pushing changes upstream rather than focusing downstream.
Put another way, Fedora works with the original creators of software to make changes that impact everyone, rather than patch the software to provide changes only to Fedora users.
This is why most desktop environments in Fedora aren’t differentiated from other distros in any meaningful way, aside from occasionally changing the default wallpaper.
Fedora often develops or embraces new technologies early on. Take the PulseAudio sound server, the systemd init system, and the Wayland display server. These creations aren’t always popular at first, but they do tend to make their way to other Linux distros.
5. Fedora Strives to Embrace New Technology First
This makes Fedora a great place to try out software before it gets introduced to other distros. For example, GNOME 3 arrived in Fedora before Ubuntu or openSUSE. Fedora is aiming to use Wayland by default in the next release.
Fedora 24 launched with GNOME 3.20, while Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 offers 3.18. Both launched after the latest release arrived in March. Meanwhile, openSUSE Leap 42.1 comes with an even older version, 3.16.
The same dynamic can be found with the Linux kernel, libraries, and apps. Fedora doesn’t always offer a newer version, but chances are it isn’t lagging behind.
source: makeuseof.com
Adobe Air, if you’re not aware, is a software platform that runs on Linux, Mac and Windows. There are hundreds of free Linux compatible software applications over at the Adobe Air Marketplace that do everything from giving you newspaper-like access to the New York Times to viewing your Google Analytics Data.
Getting Adobe Air working on Linux is surprisingly easy. You’ll find a Linux-based installer over at get.adobe.com, or you can simply attempt to install any Adobe Air application and Air will install automatically.
Some MakeUseOf posts covering cool Adobe Air apps: – 3 Really Cool Adobe AIR Apps for Movies and Music – 8 Adobe AIR Apps that DON’T Suck – 4 Adobe AIR ToDo List Apps For Managing Your Tasks
2 – Get Java Going
Java is the original cross-platform programming language. To this day many programmers use Java to create programs that work equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. We’ve covered many Java apps, the most recent being “Pauker – An Easy-To-Use Freeware Java Flash Card Program” which Varun wrote all about.
Java’s probably in the repositories of your Linux distribution already. If you’re on Ubuntu you’ll find that Java is instaled when you install the “ubuntu-restricted-extras” package discussed in Varun’s article “10 Applications You Must Install On Ubuntu Lucid Lynx”
3 – Wine For Windows Apps
There are millions of Windows appications out there, and the Wine project gives Linux access to many of them. Wine attempts to provide a compatibility layer between the Linux operating system and Windows programs. It’s far from perfect, but it’s worth a shot. Check out “Run Windows Applications on Linux (or Mac) with WINE” to learn all about making use of wine.
Wine is availible in the package manager of pretty much every Linux distribution in existence, so check yours.
4 – DOSbox for Old DOS Games
Simon recently pointed out 4 sites where you can download old games for free. If these old games were meant to run in DOS you can run them in Ubuntu; all you need is DOSbox. This DOS emulator can run most any DOS program you can throw at it, but it’s really tailor-made for games.
DOSbox is included in the package manager of most fine Linux distributions, so look for it and set it up. You can learn all about using DOSbox in Shaminder’s article about using DOSbox on Windows XP. Yes, the article is about Windows XP, but the principle is basically the same.
If you’re really geeky you could even setup DOSbox to run Windows 3.1. I did using this guide just for so I could play Chip’s Challenge the way God intended: in Windows 3.1.
